The decision, which has been criticized by Israel, was made at a meeting of the UN World Heritage Committee in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on Sunday under the auspices of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO.

The listing refers to the Tell es-Sultan archaeological site nearby, which contains prehistoric ruins dating back to the ninth millennium BC and is outside the ancient city itself.

“A permanent settlement had emerged here by the 9th to 8th millennium BC due to the fertile soil of the oasis and easy access to water,” UNESCO said on its website.

Tell es-Sultan, an oval-shaped mound, contains evidence of one of humanity’s first-known villages and an important Bronze-Age town dating back to 2,600 BC.

It is around 2km (1.2 miles) from the remains of the first city of Jericho, which contains ruins of importance to Jewish history, including a synagogue dating back to the first century BC.

Jericho is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities on Earth, and is in a part of the Israeli-occupied West Bank that is administered by the internationally recognised Palestinian Authority.

Israel criticizes decision

Israel’s foreign ministry released a statement Sunday denouncing the decision, calling it a “cynical ploy”.

“The foreign ministry considers today’s decision another sign of the cynical use the Palestinians are making of UNESCO and the organization’s politicization,” the statement said.

“Israel will act with its many friends in the organization to change the flawed decisions made.”

Israel quit the UN organization in 2019 over accusations that it fosters an anti-Israel bias, but did send a delegation to this year’s meeting in Saudi Arabia.

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The Ailment

Humans have altered climate, eradicated species and destroyed much of the planet’s natural land. They do so because of a belief, that what’s in the best interest of man’s short life span, supersedes long-term sanctity of all others. Most extraordinary accomplishments come from 2% of the population. The inverse is true when it comes to extinguishing wildlife and natural habitats. Studies show two thirds of people care about the planet but far less act. Most accept diesel truck deliveries, use plastic bags or have children. Childbearing seems silly to point out but since humans reproduce exponentially and transfer their habits, our planet is doomed.

The disorder here is we rationalize our actions to make us feel better about what we do. Mankind has good excuses as to why they come first and prove it using narrowminded reasoning. This is often seen in cultural stereotyping. In the 1800’s Italians were unsavory because they cooked with garlic. Native Americans are sacrilegious because they used peyote. Burkas are offensive due to rare instances of genital mutilation. Correct conclusions notwithstanding, most of the equation is left out for easier self-serving rationalization. Thus, being at fault for destroying the planet is easy for many to accept—or should I say rationalize.

Aggressive Technology

Selfish prejudices are not cultural anomalies but our true nature. Dare I say, we are only human and neophytes in emotional development. What has fooled us into thinking we are so smart, is that utilitarian technology proceeds psychological advancement. Primitive weapons came long before the wheel and we dominated in a considerably short period of time on the evolutionary scale because aggressive technology developed first and rather quickly. Catching up to those advancements emotionally will still take millenniums, because life as a pleasant, cooperative garden of Eden was not our beginning—but could be our future.

Paleoanthropologists

Confirmed in field studies and even my own archaeology experience, primitive culture was intense and lethal. Skeletons from hunter gatherers show patterns of intense warfare among groups that included axes and projectile weapons. Nomadic foraging society was far from carefree. Look back at your own adolescence, it seemed like a breeze. Reality is—youth was difficult but rationalization helps whitewash the bad memories. So too are notions of early hunter gathers serenely roaming the planet.

Nine human species walked the Earth 300,000 years ago and we wiped out the other eight. Our modern ancestors who spread of out of Africa, didn’t cause mass extinctions through negotiation. It was done by annihilation. The men in mankind took what they wanted, including women. Random sexual encounters commonly happened because power was the law. Children needed to be raised by many because there were no institutional delineations—that came 290,000 years later with farming and land ownership.

Yet political systems and religions prefer to paint a past picture of humble creatures that peacefully conform when historicity, we were about clubs and guerrilla tactics. In hunter gather days, hunting was not the danger. The leading cause of death among men was violence. Sound familiar? It is hard to accept that our ancestors wiped out their own relatives through genocide.

The Bright Spot

However, take heart, there’s a simple solution—emotional maturity. We’ve been civilized for only 10,000 years, as marked by agrarian society a mere 5% of our time as modern Home Sapiens. Rationalizing what we believe is normal but instead of finding people to help confirm we are right, like a political party or a single internet proof. Evolve emotional conscience and broaden the perspective. Becoming cognizant of how the primate brain works. Then honor our bipedality, opposable thumbs, and intelligence by striving for a greater purpose. Launch it from inside your own back yard to lead others as better stewards. Because all animals, plants and humans, must coexist for our long-term survival.

Evolve emotionally to the next level and save the planet’s biodiversity by understanding human weaknesses. As there is toxicity in relationships never to be accepted, the same holds true for Mother Earth. We need to protect her as we do ourselves by giving up bad habits for new ideas and working together with effort and self-discipline. Historically humans became cooperative hunters and wiped-out predators. Using similar collaboration for a greater good, we can save the planet that sustains our species. Framing decisions with an emotional maturity that honors our divine uniqueness, truly makes us civilized.

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The earth is overpopulated and standard characteristic of a virus is to remove weaker parts of a group.

America has more deaths than other countries. A sad commentary on the state of our obsess, sedentary, diabetic health.

Get off the couch and take responsibility for the gift of life. …Break from the crowd.

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The oldest press found in the country was used by ancient Phoenicians to manufacture vintages once adored around the Mediterranean.

Archaeologists have unearthed new evidence of the extensive overseas trade in wine by the ancient Phoenicians, with the discovery of the oldest wine press in Lebanon.

The find sheds new light on winemaking by the Phoenicians, the seafaring merchants who introduced a culture of drinking wine throughout the ancient Mediterranean, and whose influence lives on in the beverage’s worldwide popularity.

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Excavations at Tell el-Burak, about five miles south of the Lebanese coastal city of Sidon, have revealed the well-preserved remains of a wine press used from at least the seventh century B.C. It is the earliest wine press ever found in the Phoenician homelands, which roughly corresponded to modern Lebanon. The discovery is featured in a study published Monday in the journal Antiquity .

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Large numbers of seeds show grapes were brought there from nearby vineyards and crushed by treading feet in a large basin of durable plaster that could hold about 1,200 gallons of raw juice.

The resulting “must” was collected in a large vat and stored in distinctive pottery jars known as amphorae for fermenting, aging, and transport. (Here’s how climate change is changing the flavor of French wine.)

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The wine press at Tell el-Burak. While Phoenicians spread wine culture across the ancient Mediterranean world, evidence for their local manufacturing efforts was scarce until now.

The wine press was excavated along with four mudbrick houses at Tell el-Burak, part of a Phoenician settlement inhabited between the eighth and sixth centuries B.C. that was probably devoted to making wine for trading overseas, the researchers write.

“Wine was an important Phoenician trading item,” says Hélène Sader, an archaeologist at the American University of Beirut (AUB) and co-director of the Tell el-Burak Archaeological Project. Phoenician wine from the Sidon region was particularly famous and mentioned in texts from ancient Egypt, she adds.

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But little evidence of Phoenician winemaking had been found in Lebanon itself, possibly due to the haphazard nature of archaeological excavations.

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“The coast of Lebanon was never thoroughly surveyed, and very few sites with Iron Age [Phoenician] remains have been properly excavated,” Sader says.

Some similar winemaking sites, however, have been found on the northern coast of what is now Israel, which belonged at that time to the Phoenician kingdoms of Tyre and Sidon.

The Phoenicians didn’t invent wine—evidence of it from about 8,000 years ago has been found in the country of Georgia—but they spread winemaking throughout the ancient Mediterranean, along with olive oil and innovations such as the alphabet and glass.

The earliest known alcoholic beverage dates back to about 9,000 years ago. Find out which civilizations produced the first beers, wines, and spirits; the chemistry behind alcohol’s mind-altering effects; and the surprising ways alcohol has influenced culture.

The ancient seafarers introduced vineyards and wineries to their colony cities in North Africa, Sicily, France, and Spain. And they made it popular through trade with ancient Greece and Italy, where wine from wild grapes was known at the time but not so highly developed, says University of Toronto archaeologist Stephen Batiuk, who was not involved in the research. (Discover how alcohol has fueled the development of arts, language, and religion.)

“The Phoenicians perhaps introduced a drinking culture, [new styles of] drinking vessels, and a different way of relating to wine,” he says.

The Phoenicians’ love of wine extended to their religion, and its ceremonial use was reflected in other Near East religions as well.

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University of Pennsylvania archaeologist Patrick McGovern, an expert in ancient winemaking who was not involved in the latest study, explained that the Phoenicians were descended from the Canaanites, a Bronze Age people who were also predecessors of the Israelites.

“Wine was the Phoenicians’ principal beverage for sacrifice,” he says. “But that was occurring already with the Canaanites, and it was passed along into Judaism and Christianity.”

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McGovern speculates that Tell el-Burak may even have supplied some of the hundreds of amphorae on two Phoenician shipwrecks off Ashkelon in Israel, which date from around the same time.

“We did an analysis on several of the amphorae, and it was wine,” he said. “Maybe these vessels were coming from there.”

The Tell el-Burak project is a joint effort by an AUB team and archaeologists in Germany who have studied the site since 2001, although there’s been no work at Tell el-Burak for the past two years due to Lebanon’s economic difficulties, says Sader.

BY TOM METCALFE

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